AHS_Iconic Image Research : 5.Synthesis Example: Article to Annotated Bib

Notes on Vietnam POW’s:

Source:  (in APA bibliography format)

Hay, J. (2004). Prisoners of War (POWs). In The Greenhaven Encyclopedia of The Vietnam War (Vol. 1, pp. 235-236). San Diego: Greenhaven Press. Retrieved October 9, 2014, from galegroup.com 

• 760 Am. servicemen were taken prisoner of war (POW) by North Vietnamese and Viet Cong forces
• Received brutal treatment that violated the Geneva Convention requirements of 1949.
• N. Vietnamese took the position that because there was no formal declaration of war that Am captives should be treated as criminal and “international gangsters”
• POWs endured physical and psychological hardships:  beatings, torture, denial of medical treatment, prolonged isolation, forced confessions
• However, many Am POWs showed remarkable courage and resilience while in captivity--devised ingenious communication codes, average age of POWs was older than the avg. serviceman.  Many were aviators who had undergone more advanced training.
• From ‘64 to ‘69, POW were detained in several camps scattered throughout No. Vietnam, So. Vietnam and Laos.
• ‘68 to ‘72 POWs moved to 13 camps in No. Vietnam (around city of Hanoi)
• ‘70 to ‘72 POWs consolidated to 5 main camps
• Terms of 1972 diplomatic agreement for the release of POWs called for them to be released in waves--most released during Feb-April 1973 (Operation Homecoming)
• Total of 144 POWs are known to have died in captivity